Nike Wacc Case Study

Financial Management Agenda 1. What is the WACC and why is it historic to estimate a firms embody of majuscule? Do you agree with Joanna Cohens WACC tally? why or why non? 2. If you do non agree with Cohens analysis, calculate your own WACC for Nike and release your assumptions. 3. Calculate the cost of virtue development CAPM, the dividend discount model, and the earnings upper-case letterization ratio. What atomic number 18 the advantages and disadvantages of apiece mode? 4. What should Kimi ford recommend regarding an investing in Nike? 2 subject field Overview Nike, Inc. NorthPoint Group Investment Decision Current share damage of USD 42. 09 ? Declining grocery store share for the dot 1997-2000 ? St calculategy for revitalizing the company down the stairs reflexion ? Plan to boost revenue and optimize costs ? Highly experient management team ? Mutual fund management firm ? violence on large-cap value stocks ? Has been outperforming the grocery for the pas t 18 months ? Kimi hybridizing portfolio manager seeking to identify undervalued stocks, consistent with the funds coronation st gradegy ? Stock valuation found on portent forthcoming cash f unkepts all over a ten year period ? discounting the UFCFF utilise a predetermined WACC value ? reason the discount factor base on the CAPM draw near ? Considering sensitivity analysis 3 Understanding the WACC ? The weight Average speak to of Capital is the interest locate (minimal return) at which investor-supplied capital (equity and interest bearing loans) has been provided. Therefore, it is the weighted intermediate minimum expectation, which shareholders and creditors require for their individual investments do with the company under carryation. The WACC strikes both, the cost of equity and the cost of debt. polar sources of funds have different costs and therefore, depending on the capital social organization of the organization, the weightings of debt and equity are c alculated and assigned. ? The WACC is calculated use the following compare WACC = E/(D+E) x Ke + D/(D+E) x Kd (1-t) ? The minimum required return on shareholders investment. ? CAPM method has been widely used in calculating the cost of equity. ? Ke = Rf + b. (Rm Rf) ? chance level and volatility are calculated based on historic data. monetary value of Equity Cost of Debt ? The interest rate at which a company can acquire in the altogether debt. ? Any fixed rate on outstanding debt are non relevant, since the investors are concerned with what it forget cost the company to generate cash from any future investments, which would give at market rates rather than historical ones. ? subsequently assess cost of debt = (1-t)Kd, since interest is tax deductible. 4 Critique of Joannas Calculations Calculating Ke Since Joannas FCF forecast reflects a ten year period, it could be argued that, for the involvement of consistency, the issuing of a risk free ten year protection should be used instead. ? An arithmetic mean estimation of the risk insurance subsidy is generally accepted as an appropriate approach by the investment community. * ? Since Nike is a multinational company, its revenue stream bears additional risk based on the specific allocations to various countries. This should reflect additional risk premium such as exchange rate risk, political risk and so on Such calculation goes beyond the scope of this case muchover it should not be ignored. Beta has been calculated as a historic average but the included value YTD 06/30/01 should be excluded not nevertheless since it is not consistent in terms of period length, but the apparels fear is seasonal with great portion of the revenues coming during the months of Dec. and Nov. Historic betas prior to 1996 should not be excluded. Calculating Kd ? Cost of debt is not properly calculated since electromotive force shareholders and creditors are not concerned with interest on outstanding debt, but rathe r the current market rate at which the company could draw to finance its operations and potential expansion. The technique used by Joanna is expedient however to get some rough insight on what Nike is nonrecreational on its existing debt. ? Joanna has undertaken an appropriate approach in calculating the subsequently tax cost of debt, since debt is tax deductible. ? Joanna is right to consider debt denominated in impertinent currency, however her approach is flawed since she is once again looking at outstanding debt, which arrangements that occurred some time in the past might significantly differ from the current market reality. ? Since existing Nike bonds are trading at discount, we already know that the market yield exceeds the coupon rate. 5 well arguments exist for using the geometric mean under certain circumstances. This prime entrust be further elaborated Agenda 1. What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firms cost of capital? Do you agree with Joann a Cohens WACC calculation? why or why not? 2. If you do not agree with Cohens analysis, calculate your own WACC for Nike and justify your assumptions. 3. Calculate the costs of equity using CAPM, the dividend discount model, and the earnings capitalization ratio. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? 4. What should Kimi cover recommend regarding an investment in Nike? Calculating Cost of Equity ? Rf = 5. 39% based on the current 10 year yield for the sake of consistency with the forecasted 10 year FCFF. ? Calculating risk premium based on arithmetic average vs geometric mean ? Arithmetic average assumes no ordered correlation and thus could be overstating the premium. ? Arithmetic average ignores estimation faulting and available data is limited. ? Arithmetic average works best for forecasting short term periods where large term periods seem to be break in captured by the geometric mean. Cost of Equity digest on 10-year Treasuries adventure premium develo ped market (geo. stake premium developed market (arit. ) 5. 39% 5. 90% 7. 50% Average risk premium Risk premium country specific Levered ? Unlevered Cost of Equity 6. 70% 0. 00% 0. 82 0. 77 10. 91% ? Both methods are acceptable and even though the arithmetic mean is widely accepted as the proper method, we are using an average of both since we are dealing with a long term period and the geometric mean could be potentially more representative. ? No additional country risk premium is assumed collectable to lack of data. ? Unlevered beta has been calculated in order to reflect only the amount of business risk.For any future beta projections it will be more appropriate to calculate relevered beta based on the targeted capital structure. Beta 1996 1997 1998 0. 98 0. 84 0. 84 1999 2000 Average 0. 63 0. 83 0. 82 7 Sources Ibbotson Associates, Aswath Damodaran Calculating Cost of Debt ? To calculate the appropriate yield to maturity we need to take into account that the settlement date (05/07/2011) move between coupon payments, meaning that the first period will be shorter than the remaining 40 (20 years of semiannual payments). ? We calculate a exertion damage (dirty damage) of USD 98. 9 using a YTM of approximately 7. 17%. After adjusting for the accrued interest we get the quoted price of USD 95. 60. ? We are not considering the legal YTM for the cost of debt since it is not clear whether the returns could be reinvested at the same rate due to the following reasons (list not exhaustive) ? The yield curve is usually not horizontal. ? The shape of the curve is dynamic and changes over time. ? Some premium should be considered on debt issued in foreign currency, but this goes beyond the scope of this assigning and no debt breakdown has been provided for that matter.Cost of Debt Coupon Years to maturity Periods inwardly one year Total periods Face value of c-bond trade price of c-bond YTM* Effective YTM 6. 75% 20. 03 2 40. 05 100. 00 95. 60 7. 17% 7. 30% Yi eld to Maturity Days from last coupon date Days to side by side(p) coupon date Days between coupon dates Transaction price Accrued interest adjustment Quoted price Yield to maturity 171 10 181 98. 79 3. 19 95. 60 7. 17% 8 * Calculations have been made based on a 360 day year Calculating WACC 10. 26% WACC Calculations of the weightings We use agree value of debt since not Weightings Ke / Kd onsider the market value of equity based on the current price per share and the diluted shares outstanding. 89. 87%* 10. 13%** all interest bearing debt is in the form of bonds maturing on 07/15/21 with a current YTD of 7. 17%. However, since the company has low leverage and is not under financial distress, there should not be a significant difference between the current market and book value of the outstanding debt. Cost of Equity After Tax Cost of Debt 10. 91% Calculations are based on revised 4. 44% beforehand tax cost of debt has been assumptions previously described. Cost of equity is not to be adjusted reviously calculated at 7. 17%. After applying tax rate of 38% the for taxes. after tax cost of debt amounts to 4. 44%. 9 * Market capitalization as of 05/07/2001 is USD 11. 5 bn. ** Total interest bearing debt (current + non-current) as of 31/05/2001 is USD 11. 3 bn. Figures as of 05/07/2001 are not provided for a go against estimate. Agenda 1. What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firms cost of capital? Do you agree with Joanna Cohens WACC calculation? Why or why not? 2. If you do not agree with Cohens analysis, calculate your own WACC for Nike and justify your assumptions. 3.Calculate the costs of equity using CAPM, the dividend discount model, and the earnings capitalization ratio. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? 4. What should Kimi Ford recommend regarding an investment in Nike? 10 Other Methods for Calculating Cost of Equity ? Po = Do(1+g)/(r-g) ? Could be used for mature companies, which pay dividends on a uncea sing basis, and it is reasonable to expect that they will also do so in the foreseeable future. ? The DDM model is overly sensitive over the value of assumed growth (g), however it is a very artless and straight forward method of calculating the fair value of a mature company. Since Nike is evaluate to undergo cost optimization over the side by side(p) years, as well as shift in sales strategy, we should consider a high growth period of the expected dividends, after which unremitting growth could be assumed. ? For the take aim of this case, however, we are given than dividends increase by 5. 50% on an annual basis, even though Joanne predicts a CAGR of NOPAT for the period 2002-2011 equal to approximately 10. 4%. Dividend Discount Model Earnings Cap. balance ? Po = EPSo(1+g)(1-b)/(r-g), where b is the retention ratio. ? EPS is an accounting figure. The ratio depends on dividend policy. ? effectual and simple approach for mature firms with easily predictable future EPS and cons tant growth rate and retention ratio. ? For simplicity, we are assuming g = 5. 50%, just like in the DDM method. 11 DDM and Earnings Capitalization symmetry Calculations ? D1 has been calculated as of 30/06/2002, assuming 5. 5% increase in annual dividends paid in both 2001 and 2002. Do captures the period 30/06/2000-30/06/2001. ? base on the DDM and Earnings Capitalization balance, we obtain a cost of equity of approximately 6. 7%-6. 8%.Both estimates seem unreasonably low. ? This is significantly lower than the calculated cost of equity using the CAPM model. out-of-pocket to the flaws of both the DDM and Earnings Capitalization Ratio methods described above, we should hold the CAPM approach as most reliable in calculating the cost of equity. ? The calculation of the cost of equity using both the DDM and and Earnings Capitalization Ratio methods has been based on assumed constant growth in perpetuity, which will most likely not be the case, especially considering Nikes new sal es strategy and cost optimization over the next hardly a(prenominal) years.Therefore, we are more likely going to observe a high growth period followed by a stable growth period. Dividend Discount Model g Po 5. 50% 42. 09 Do D1 r 0. 48 0. 53 6. 77% Earnings Cap. Ratio g Po b (retention ratio) EPSo EPS1 r 5. 50% 42. 09 77. 75% 2. 16 2. 28 6. 70% 12 Agenda 1. What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firms cost of capital? Do you agree with Joanna Cohens WACC calculation? Why or why not? 2.If you do not agree with Cohens analysis, calculate your own WACC for Nike and justify your assumptions. 3. Calculate the costs of equity using CAPM, the dividend discount model, and the earnings capitalization ratio. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? 4. What should Kimi Ford recommend regarding an investment in Nike? 13 Investment Decision Based on the calculated WACC value, using the CAPM approach, and the predicted UFCFF for the period 2002-2011, Nikes stock appears undervaluedSince the purpose of the assignment was to calculate the WACC value only, we have taken all predicted UFCFF levels as given, even though certain adjustments could be appropriate to better reflect the expected boost in sales resulting from the new sales strategy, and the expected cost optimizations. Based on the predicted NPV of UFCFF, we are given that the current price of USD 42. 09 suggests a 11. 17% discount rate. Since our calculations reveal that the actual discount rate ought to be 10. 26%, Nikes share price is trading under its intrinsic value. Therefore, Kimi Ford should recommend a buy on the stock. 14

Essay the Matrix Essay

Plato believed that the manhood as we see it, is non existing still a more illusion, a repeat of the real humanness to be more precise. Take for example if you look at rose or at a woman and you think they argon both beautiful, thats manifesting herself in those object, so the estimate in this case pure beauty. So according to plato we are not really living in the real world, when we look at a rose or at a woman we are only seeing at a copy of real beauty. So when plato wrote about the cave, he said that man is enchained in much(prenominal) a manner that they face only the shadows of anything that is cursory by outside the cave.Because the man has only seen these shadows, he will leave it as the real things. So if the man sees the shadow of a tree, because thats the only thing he has seen he will think its a real tree. The only way to become unchained Plato thought, was to fix to see the real nature of things through the minds eye. al genius Plato belived that no one cou ld be taught, they had to see reality for themselves, at intimately they could only be directed by people who had already been there.Plato continues that when close tobody sees the real world for the commencement ceremony time, it will be to bright for the mortal and will be confused, but only after spending some time his mind like the eyeball will adjust to the light. In the movie this is more or less what happens to Neo, he is trapped in an illusion, he thinks its real because thats the only thing he has seen. He mucklenot be told what the ground substance is he has to see it for himself, when he first sees it he cannot believe it, but eventually accepts it, and so forth. two Platos core out and the intercellular substance play with the question are we awake? Both contend that humanity is asleep. Both Plato and the ground substance contend that given familiar world is illusionary. Plato because for him the real world are the form beyond the senses and commonplace experi ence are just shadows on the cave wall. The Matrix presents an substrate a real world open rationing underground. And The prisoner who lives the cave, comes into the sunbathe and their eyes are blinded by the light. The same can be seen when neo first came out of the ground substance and said my eyes.I cant see. Another of the similitaries is that in the Cave is some Light, the fire which jog the shadows of the puppets on the walls. This Light can be seen as an small human face of the sun, small aspect of the Truth. It can be said, that there is Truth beyond the illusion, as its source is the Light. The same in the Matrix, the source of the Matrix is in the real world, only difference is that people are the Light of the matrix since they created it. And was told thats because you have never used them before.Another similitaries is that in the Cave the prisoners never used their eyes truly, they were always in the darkness where they could not see behind themselves to see what w as the source of the shadows, in fact their eyes were only adjusted/conditioned to the dimness of the Cave to the degree that when one of the prisoners left the cave and saw the outside their eyes were blinded, having never seen it before, or in the matrix having never used their eyes before. The other diference are that Matrix is more political than mystical as in Plato vision.The philosophic view of the nature of reality as seen in the matrix and the illustration of the cave are the Artificial Intelligence machines are the puppeteers, tricking the humans into accept the Matrix is actual reality. The humans that are imprisoned in the Matrix are like the prisoners in the cave. Neo is the prisoner that is freed from the cave into the certain reality of the world. The Matrix is the cave, the real world is existence outside the cave. If i compare these views Descartes poses the question of how he can know with certainty that the world he experiences is not an illusion being forced upon him by an abuse demon.He reasons since he believes in what he sees and feels while dreaming, he cannot institutionalise his senses to tell him that he is not still dreaming. His senses cannot provide him with proof that the world even exists. Descartes evil demon is vividly realized in the Matrix films as the artificial intelligence that forces a virtual reality on humans. Just as Descartes realized that the sensations in his dreams were vivid enough to move him the dreams were real, the humans who are plugged into the Matrix have no base that their sensations are false, created artificially instead of arising from actual experiences.Until Neo is yanked from the Matrix, he, too, has no idea that his behavior is a virtual reality. Like Descartes, Neo eventually knows to deal nothing at face value, and to question the existence of even those things, such as chairs, that seem most real. I think that the scenario that is shown in The matrix Couldt happen. because there cant b e transported from one world to some other through the phone, and cant be alive in two check bodies in two places are just illucions that in real life can not pass never.

Art History Nike of Samothrace

Nike of Samothrace was sculpted in second century AD during the classicalal culture. This 8ft high sculpture was found on an island called Samothrace, north of the Aegean, and though attractively shape, the artist is not known. It was disc everyplaceed at a sanctuary in a harbor that faced the predominate wind. It was as if the wind was blowing now on the sculpture itself. The Nike was made to act like a design head on the prow of a channelise, and though it never very was on a ship, it was the bow of a stvirtuoso ship in a synagogue like building.The Nike of Samothrace is greatly appreciated because of the strong crusade of motion, and palp fittedistic qualities, as well as its symbolic references to the Greek culture. The Greeks close has come a long modality when we look at the way the Archaic/Egyptian period and Hellenistic period carved and molded batch. The Archaic and Egyptians sculpted people and clothes flat and simple. Their bodies did not rick very much and were pretty straight. The clothes on the people were essentially just lines, or slits in the stone, and was not genuinely realistic.Comparing this to the way the Hellenistic period carved their people, they use a lot of motion and movement. at that place people twisted in varied directions as they would in real life sentence, and their clothes were deeply carved and looked very real. The Nike of Samothrace was carved kayoed of marble, and accurately projects texture in the wings, and the folds in the cloth. The Greek culture had studied and illustrious the dead body and they used their knowledge to show expressive depicts in their art. They used hammers and chisels to create beautiful, realistic flows on the stone, and made it look like it was rattling moving.The Nike of Samothrace is a carving beautiful, voluptuous woman in a menstruum dress with two magnanimous wings out stretched behind her. This statue had broken her head and arms, but is still recognizable as the N ike of victory. Her body movements and abstruse detail of her tunic is very dramatic as she considerms to walk graciously in a storm. The Nike was to be on the prow of a ship in the ocean, and that is strongly adoptn by the movement of her dress. You can practically see the strong winds whipping near her body as her skirt is winded behind and around her.The drapery is very graceful and strong as it is pulled in the direction of her body and one can practically see the postal code in her movements. Her body is grounded by her legs as she strides forward. Her abdomen twists slimly as if finding brace in the wind, and her wings are aloft behind her as if she just landed in from a rasping headwind. The sheer chiton that she is wearing clings to her body as if it is wet from a hefty sea spray, billowing in the wind. Her body is proportionate, and accurately depicts the complete(a) body scale of a Greek goddess.The texture in her wings, and the cloth of her garment are very lif e-like and pick up unaccented in their deep groves to spring it look more dramatic. The artist shows how he is able to carve the female body, portray realistic cloth, and convey victory and proponent in this statue. It is believable and relatable to the average person because of the stance in the body and the way the a strong wind would really blow around your clothes. The Nike of Victory has been resembled before in Greek art. This goddess represented the victory everywhere war and contests. Therefore, it was shown on Greek coins, temples, and other important objects.The Nike of Victory is seen once more in the carving Nike Adjusting her Sandal on the Temple of Athena. This Winged Nike leans down to congeal her sandal as her chiton slid off her shoulder. Similarly to the Nike of Samothrace, the Nike Adjusting her Sandal has large wings to balance her pose and decorative swirls of heavy pleated fabric that clings to her body. She searchs to be delicate and light just as the Ni ke of Samothrace. The Nike of Victory is seen with wings, intricately carved fabric, and with the scale of the utter(a) body it shows divinity and creates something that would be desired.She also was the messenger that spreads the news of victory, and that is something that Greeks clutch pedal in high regards and were always trying to obtain. The dramatic feel to the Nike of Samothrace brings out fierce emotions and give the onlooker the sense of accomplishment and encouragement. It conveys many emotions as it stands tall and strong. Its formate of the perfect female body and the precise folds of the cloth in motion, relates almost exactly to the style of the three goddess on the Parthenon frieze.However, the three goddesses appear to have just woken up from a relaxing sleep. They are compose and quiet and reveal the restful attitude of mellow goddess on Mt. Olympus. When feeling at them you feel serene and peaceful, getting the calm feel of life as a god. The Nike of Samothrace is obviously very different in that aspect. This goddess is piddle to go to war as her stance is fierce and ready for anything. The goddess is responding to energy and natural forces whereas the Parthenon frieze goddesses are tranquil, composed, and o not seem to be torture about much at all. The Statue of Laocoon is a carving of Laocoon and his sons struggling against large sea serpents trying to destroy them. You can clearly see the force of motion being pulled in many different directions. With their legs pushing one way, and their arms pulling another, and then with his head cocked back, you can se the different directions his bare muscles are being strained. This statue is very dynamic and conveys an emotion of fatality and fight, just as the Nike of Samothrace does.The way the Nikes body twists and is not flat and straight, is the equal as the dramatic gesture in Laocoon. The Parthenon frieze, Laocoon, Nike of Samothrace, and even the Nike Adjusting Her Sandal all show th e movement in a body as it would in real life. The way the fabric falls and the twist in the body make the statues feel and look more real and relatable. At this time in Greek culture respect for the gods was immense. They believed the gods were heroes and took sides to help out obviously you would necessity to be in the gods favor.When carving the Nike of Samothrace, the artist made her to show the people that the gods were on their side and that they would have victory over their war and conflicts. The Nike was in the same style as all the Greek goddesses would have been, with the lofty body shape, flowing robs, and for the Nikes, large wings. She was placed in a temple to show her importance and divinity and to represent the power that Samothrace wanted to convey. She was carved to look like a real goddess, to bring victory over their sea fair, and to relate to the Greek culture just by who she was and who she colligate too.

Foils for Odysseus Essay

The Odyssey is the epic that has been read cartridge holder and time again, by varying ages, digging its way into our hearts, becoming an instant classic. Odysseus and the adventures of his home platecoming have a much different tale than Homers former(a) work, the Iliad, provided. The epic is non about bloodthirsty men trying to set up their hands on kleos any more than it is about the homecoming of a troops who uses his wits, non his weapon. In the Odyssey, the graphic symbols balance Homer provides contrasting characters to show the readers the traits that Odysseus holds and how it builds his character development and even those who argon hampers to him. Odysseus own discussion, trojan War companions, and married woman create the man that is c everyed Odysseus, highlighting the various facets of his personality throughout the epic. Odysseus son Telemachos matured since the very counterbalance book of the Odyssey, becoming more self-confident in his capabilities, mor e powerful in the speeches he makes, and more importantly, more determined to rule the kingdom that will one day generate his. The growth that Odysseus undergoes in his travels, such as growth in intellect, collect date and strength, his son goes through as well.The emotional growth in the par on the wholeeling stories of Telemachos and Odysseus holds a key part to the storylines. When Telemachos travels to Sparta he meets Menelaus, Odysseus friend from the Trojan War. When Menelaus mentions Odysseus, the young Telemachos first tries to stay strong and continue to hide who he is but breaks vanquish and cries, showing he still has a lot to learn. Odysseus is known for his tricks, especially in the Odyssey where he specializes in not cosmos who he says he is for ninety-five percent of the epic. As Telemachos tries to accomplish being a trickster akin his father he shows he has potential but it is not the right time yet to be as tricky as Odysseus is. In book 21 of the Odyssey T elemachos sets up the trial of the twelve axes dead for the suitors, even though he was never taught how only Odysseus knows how to set them up so flawlessly. When it came time for Telemachos to try his hand at stringing his fathers god-like bow that only he could string, he came very close. If it were not for Odysseus manifestation theboy would have strung the bow and won.He had the potential to be just like Odysseus, stringing the bow that only Odysseus could string, proving that Telemachos has matured to the point that he could almost take his fathers place. He yields the contest to the suitors, stating Shame on me. I must be then a coward and weakling, or else I am still young, and my hands have yet no confidence to conserve myself against a man who has started a quarrel. Come then, you who in your strength ar giganticer than I am, make your attempts on the bow, and let us force out the contest (Book 21,131-135). As the suitors witness his failure, Telemachos starts to use and finished the use of chary responses just like his father, making the suitors feel safer than they really are, not permit them come upon through his ruse. After the Trojan War ended and time for the homecoming of the soldiers came about, the men who were featured in Homers Iliad journeyed on their merry way, back to their homes they left behind for twenty eld. Agamemnon, Nestor and Menelaos all had different homecomings, but each of them creates a sensitively knit bobble for Odysseus.As Agamemnon stepped inside his own home by and by twenty years of being away, his wife Clytemnestra and her newfound lover Aegisthus, who was Agamemnons cousin, greeted him with a nice bath. Before Agamemnon arrived, Clytemnestra was plotting the death of her husband due to the sacrifice of their daughter, Iphigenia. Agamemnon was stab go to sleep to death by the vengeful tag-team. Agamemnons son, Orestes, unleashed vengeance upon his mother and her lover. Agamemnons family is a foil for Od ysseus family life. Odysseus family loves him very dearly and has done no wrong as he was away. Penelope, unlike Clytemnestra, stays loyal to Odysseus and even creates an ingenious plan to control the suitors eat up her back. Telemachos on the other hand has to deal with the suitors who are trying to marry his mother and have been dishonoring his father, Odysseus, eating their fill since they sat their butts on the stools they deem as weapons. Telemachos cant even stand up to the suitors as Agamemnons son took revenge on the people who killed his father. This shows how Telemachos should be as a son and will soon be as he grows up to be more like his father. Menelaos had a desire homecoming due to the gods, just as Odysseus had. Menelaos angered the Egyptian gods, due to the lack of knowledge of Egyptian customs.He was able to get home with all of his crew, unlike Odysseus, who was a lone survivor. Although Menelaos had an easier homecoming than Odysseus, he did not have afaithful wife, just like Agamemnon. Helen was the reason for the Trojan War for Menelaos it was not easy to forgive an unfaithful wife to that degree. He cannot rejoin the present as easily due to all that was bewildered in Troy, destined to be full of grief for eternity. Then there is Nestor, the man whose name means Returner. Nestor was the one who had the easiest and most pacifist(prenominal) return home. His palace was full of peace, unlike Odysseus and the other two men. As the three war heroes returned back to their homes, none of them had to disguise themselves as soulfulness else, making it obvious who they were, which was good and bad. Odysseus had to resume pretending he was someone else, generally from Crete, until he was certain that the people who caused the most threats were out of the picture.That was a smart move on Odysseus part. Penelope was Odysseus faithful, cunning and stunningly handsome wife. Penelope, just like Odysseus, tests people until she gets becoming in formation to her liking. For example after Odysseus reveals himself to the household and asks for Penelope, Penelope does not believe the news so quickly. She was not so gullible as to be excited about simple information she wanted cold hard proof. Penelope shows her cannyness when she wants to cod Odysseus, telling Eurykleia Dear nurse, it would be hard for you to baffle the purposes of the everlasting gods, although you are very clever. Still, I will go to see my son, so that I can look on these men who courted me lying dead, and the man who killed them (Book 23, 81-84). She is not willing to let anyone know she is excited to see her husband, so she plays it off cool, saying she was just going outside in order to see her son, not even mentioning Odysseus by name.Penelope constantly reconsiders and rethinks what she should do, just like Odysseus tends to do because he never wants to be caught off guard, until Penelope, as clever as she is, starts playing the same game he does. S he orders Eurykleia to make up a firm bed for him outside the well-fashioned chamber that very bed that he himself built. Put the firm bed here outside for him, and recompense it over with fleeces and blankets, and with shining coverlets (Book 23,177-180). Knowing Odysseus would get flustered with her idea, he revealed who he was by stating that the bed could not be moved due to it being made of the olive tree trunk that the house was built on. non one person could out wit Odysseus and yet, his own wife did so easily. Penelope was just as smart as Odysseus, making them perfect foils for one another.Odysseus was a man of wit and courage, one who was unfortunate enough to anger the gods. Even with his unlucky fate of a long homecoming, he was blessed with a loyal and loving family, a family that highlights the various facets of his personality. tout ensemble of these characters molded Odysseus, just as he molded them through the events of the Odyssey. They chew over his growth as a character with their own trials and tribulations. We find the lift out depiction of Odysseus growth in comparison to other characters his wife, his comrades, and his son all bring out different elements of his personality. Without any of them, Odysseus would not be the great character we all know and love.

Alejandro Flores Essay

Write a 2 3 sc all toldywag paper that addresses the following1. How do Senor Flores, Senora Flores and Dr. Jean view this situation from all in all different perspectives? 2. Why might Senora Flores have chosen to consult an espiritista preferably than call the clinic when Alejandro was non getting better? 3. Which of the normative cultural determine described in the Lecture might apply to Alejandros casing? Please explain.The Puerto Rican culture has many beliefs involving individual roles within the family. Many weigh that the male(s) of the family should work to abide the basic needs of the household gainful rent, bills, paying for groceries, automotive repair, and the like. Similarly, the female(s) of the house should be the primary house keeper and aid consecrater. Familismo holds a large part in the Puerto Rican culture, and the advice of the elder family members is taken very seriously. Religion also plays an integral role in Puerto Rican culture, and some suppos e illness is the result of sin, punishment, or ghostlike discomfort. These beliefs tie together to seduce culturally diverse situations regarding patient roles health care, and must be taken into retainer when discussing treatment plans. Senor Flores views this situation from the machismo perspective. His view is to he should be running(a) to provide the means for his family to survive. By taking time off of work to flow Alejandros medical appointments, he feels that he is neglecting his cultural responsibility of working hard to meet the needs of his family as a whole.Additionally, he does not believe that the modern treatment has a positive effect on Alejandros condition, and he portrays that he would rather allow his mother-in-law to play a more active role in Alejandros care. He feels as though every time he is at the appointments, the clinical lag is ostracizing him and attacking him for smoking. Senora Flores is upset about Alejandros health condition, and appears to be scope out for overhaul in different directions. She does not want to give Alejandro all of the medicine he is prescribed, and is taking her mothers advice by seeking the help of an espiritista. When she arrived to the appointment late, she was greeted poorly because of the tardiness, and doesnt understand wherefore the clinic staff is rude with her. Many Puerto Ricans believe that tardiness is accepted, even common, and that having a relaxed spatial relation regarding time is reasonable practice. Additionally, she is frustrated with the language barrier that presents itself during the appointments.The clinic is providing her so more than information, and she feels belittled by the staff when she may not comprehend all of the information they are providing her. She is concerned that Alejandro go away be chastised due to the acquaintance that he is weak and unhealthy. She is worried that nothing she can do will better his condition and prayers are not helping. Dr. Jean is concer ned with Alejandros progress due to the misuse or absence of medications and the lack of Senor Flores engagement in tobacco cessation for the sake of his childs health. She desires to help the family, and has given her personal phone number to be accommodating, but quite Senora Flores confided in a housekeeper instead of the doctor.The familys tardiness is an issue for Dr Jean, but this doesnt bother her as much as not showing up for the appointment at all. Senora Flores may have consulted with the espiritista due to the lack of say-so in the medication Alejandro is prescribed. This combined with the clinical staffs military position toward her, and the cultural belief that illness can be caused by spiritual discomforts, could lead to Senora Flores visit to the spiritual healer. Espiritistas use prayers to attempt to rid the patient of spirits causing the disease. Also, Senora Flores mother suggested the espiritista visit, and the words and advice of the elder is highly reckon in the Puerto Rican culture. All of the normative cultural values present themselves in this module, but the one that applies the most in my opinion is Fatalismo. In the study, the family seems that the designate of Alejandros illness is predetermined and nothing they have done or will do to ease his symptoms will work effectively.2010 Childrens blessing Hospitals and Clinics and Childrens Mercy Family Health PartnersCross Cultural Resource fleet pgs. 28-29 Retrieved on April 15, 2012 From http//www.fhp.org/fhpdocs/CrossCulturalResourceGuide.pdfELL Assessment for Linguistic Differences guide for Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved on April 17, 2012 Fromhttp//www.ldldproject.net/cultures/puertorico/differences/nonverbal.html

Areas of learning and development Essay

1.1 Explain each of the beas of defraud and emergence and how these are interdependent. The different areas of development are social, emotional, communication, physical, quick-witted and creative. The interdependence of these areas of development will cover a number of the areas if the activities are planned effectively.Social and emotional developmentChildren moldinessiness adjudge relief and help which will help them to develop swell self corporate trust and self esteem. as well as it is important squirtren have the support to understand they should wonder others, have good social skills and have a confident(p) strength towards learning. Practitioners should support their childrens emotion to help them know what they dope do and how much they are capable of.Communication developmentChildren should be support when communicating, speaking, listening, reading and writing. Adults should try and push them to try harder and do the best they can. Children must be encourag ed and praised for using their skills in different situations and they should be back up in continuing to develop their confidence. We take era to listen to children if they strike it difficult to communicate and where necessary we request speech and language average to help the child as much as possible.Physical trainingThe physical development of young children is very important and therefore should be encouraged by giving them opportunities to be participating and to improve their coordination skills, maneuver skills, balance skills and movement. They should be encouraged to playact games at play clock rather than sitting down for long periods of time. I run a number of after school clubs in our setting to sanction children pickings part in sport. Also I am a play leader at dinner times and I set up games for children to play to promote their physical development and also to prevent boredom. Children must beeducated or so the importance of physical activity and should be aware of healthy have.Creative DevelopmentChildrens creativity should be promoted. This is because it gives children a chance to express themselves and explore with different materials. A serving of children love to get creative as they like to feel cutting things and create pictures and scenarios. They should be provided with opportunities to explores and express their thoughts and feelings in different ways for workout by means of music, art, dance, movement, role play and design and technology. talented developmentIntellectual development is important. I work in year 1 so the expectations are high. Children request to be praised often for working hard or answering questions correctly. Children need to be praised to build their confidence and self esteem. Their learning should be supported by using a range of activities such(prenominal) as learning through play, work, games, trips and role play. Children love to be active and visual so in our setting we try to learn throu gh visuals a lot. For example, when we were learning about plants, each child grew their own helianthus and each science lesson, they had to measure it, check if it needed any more than water and then register how the plant is growing.1.2 Describe the documented imports for children that represent part of the relevant early years framework. In England, the Early days Foundation Stage (2008) is there to ensure children fulfil the 5 corroboratory outcomes of Every Child Matters (2003). ECM itself provides a framework for children 0-19 years. The five outcome of ECM are being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive office and achieving economic wellbeing. The documented outcomes of EYFS (2008 and 2012) are the learning targets for children to attain by the time they finish the EYFS.Being healthyThis deals with the extent to which helps to develop the health and modus vivendi in children. Evidence includes that providers promote physical, mental, emotion al and sexual health. Also they should promote participation in sportand regular exercise and healthy eating and drinking water. Children should be encouraged to recognise and deal with stress and have a good self esteem. Adults should encourage the avoidance of drugs, smoking and alcoholic drink abuse.Staying SafeThis outcome is to ensure children are safe from harm or danger. Evidence will include working with the child protection legislation, task regular CRB checks, protecting children from bullying and harassment. Children should be led away from disgust or anti social behaviour. They need to be educated about sexual exploitation and exposure to violence and danger. Also all supply should be appropriately trained.Enjoying and achievingThis outcome includes children enjoying education and to make progress in regards to their learning and personal development. The evidence for this would be to monitor the childs progress and to support the learners who have low attendance and poor behaviour. Also extra support should be available for those with extra needs or child that are under achieving.Making a positive functionThis includes the development of self confidence and behaviour in children, alongside their intelligence of rights and responsibilities. Children should want to heighten and learn and also sometimes make positive contribution to the community life. There should always be a focus on enhancing children to develop appropriate behaviour and avoid getting problematical in anti-social behaviour.Achieving economic well-beingThis includes the effectiveness that the provider gets children reading to learn the skills needed for employment and independent living. This is usually with older children in secondary schools. Evidence includes developing self confidence and team work, the provision of good advice and training and accessible courses and opportunity for work experience and work found learning.1.3 Explain how the documented outcomes are as sessed and recorded. In oursetting we do slews of child observations. There are lots of different types of observation methods that can be done to let us collect evidence we need to plan for individuals. All of the methods of observations have advantages and disadvantages of recording the childs development so it is very important to vary the methods of observation for each child to gain true knowledge and understanding of the childs development. We record all information on Child Observation sheets designed by our setting itself.

Eiichiro Oda

EIICHIRO ODA was born January 1, 1975 in the city of Kumamoto (in the prefecture of Kumamoto). He distinct to pursue a career as a a manga mechanic at the age of 4 (because they didnt have to work in companies as adults).Unlike many youth who give up this dream, he unbroken nurturing it as he grew up and at age 17, he certain a Silver Honors (jun-nyuusen), the second highest honor available (thats why I translitersated jun, which usually means sub, as silver) from the 44th semi-annual Tezuka Awards (a level manga artist scouting contest co-hosted by the editorial provides of Weekly hop and Monthly throttle, this is the contest that many another(prenominal) familiar Weekly Jump faces, such as Yoshihiro Togashi, Hiroyuki Takei, Daisuke Higuchi, Takeshi Obata, Masanori Morita, Ryu Fujisaki, and even Masakazu Katsura got their big breaks) with his short story, WANTED. His pen-name cover charge then was Getsu ka sui moku kin do, i. e. Moon Fire Water wood Gold Earth, or more co mmonly, Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat. ) His setoff work as a pro was Kami Kara Mirai no Present (A demo of the Future from God), published in the October 1993 issue of Jump Original (Monthly Jumps bimestrial spinoff). His talent was further noticed by the Weekly Jump staff when he got Gold Honors (nyuusen, i. e. he top honors much like a gold medal, which explains the transliteration once again) in the Hop-Step Awards (WJs monthly talent scout contest, right away called the Tenkaichi Manga Awards) in 1993 with his work Ikki Yakou (One Devils Night Trip). In 1994, he decided to moderate college after the end of his freshman year to head out to Tokyo, and there, he studied as an assistant for three Jump authors Shinobu Kaitani (Midoriyama Police Gang), Masaya Tokuhiro (Jungle no Ouja Tar-chan and Mizu no Tomodachi Kapparman), and Nobuhiro Watsuki (Rurouni Kenshin). During his apprenticehood, Mr.Oda published two short stories Monsters in the 1994 Autumn circumscribed (the seasonal sp inoff magazine created by the Weekly Jump staff, now called Akamaru Jump) and the outgrowth of the two versions of fancy Dawn in the 1996 Summer Special. A a couple of(prenominal) months later, he broke into the pages of Weekly Jump with the second incarnation of Romance Dawn, published in issue 41 of 1996. And as with any other short story that does well in Jump, the series ONE report (yeah, the one that youre reading this website for) started in 34 of 1997 and the rest is history. =)

Science Lab Report

acquirement Lab Report INTRODUCTION NAME LORRAINE LAB PARTNER KAREN HO LAB EXPERIMENT TESTING OSMOSIS WITH A POTATO LAB insure NOV. 23rd / 2012 CLASS Y-11-C PERIODC OBJECTIVE The free weight unit of the stump spud fades lead increase, decrease, or remain the same? HYPOTHESIS There will be no net movement of weewee molecules into or fall out of the potato. MATERIALS LIST Large potato Cutters (in the shape of a fish) 3 flyspeck beakers or clear dishes 3 tripe covers Sucrose issue salt Distilled water Paper towel pic PROCEDURE 1. Add 200ml of distilled water, 40ml sucrose solution and 5g salt into three beakers respectively. Record the solutions concentrations, volumes, and weights. ?Use a cutter to cut the potato to the similar size. Record the weight of pieces potato. ?Put the three potatoes solidus into each beaker. Cover the beakers with glass covers and leave them for 48 hours. ?Carefully carry away the potato slices from the distilled water solutio n & pat it dry on a paper towel. Weight the potato slices immediately.Record the final weight of the pieces. ?Clean up the equipment & area and return materials to their proper place. DATA AND/OR OBSERVATIONS Potato slices weight (Before)Material Distilled water Potato slices weight (After) (Quantitative) ? 21g Sucrose solution 40ml 200ml 21. 5g ? 2g X 200ml 23g ? 21g Salt 5g 200ml 20g USE TIME 48 hours RESULTS We can Observe that the slice place in salt is very flexible, while the slice laid in sucrose solution is flexible, but less so. Since potatoes already birth sugar, less water will diffuse out of the potato placed in sucrose solution water.The slice placed in water will be rigid, since it will absorb water. ANALYSIS ERROR ? The glass can not cover the beakers well, so the data value that we got was to a fault close. ?We used a big size of cylinder (500ml) to measure the sucrose solution and distilled water. 150ml water potato weight (before/after) 20g /24g 150m l water potato weight (before/after) 20g/13. 5g ( with 15g salt) I compared with Evans group, our results roughly the same. CONCLUSION The water molecules move towards higher(prenominal) concentrations of the solution. That means that if the water outside the mobile phone is saltier than the water inside, water will move from the inside of the cell to the outside. As the water left the cell it was much like letting the air out of a balloon. As more and more of the cells lost water, the slice of potato became soft and flexible. (the potato in water with sucrose solution just on the contrary. )

”I am Australian” by Bruce Woodley Essay

Poem Analysis I am Australian by Bruce Woodley and My Country by Dorothea MackellarThe two poems that I suffer chosen to analyse are I am Australian create verbally by Bruce Woodley and Dobe Newton and My orbit written by Dorothea Mackellar. Both poems salute the love for the farming and the sense of belonging as both of these writers are Australian born bush poets. The poem I am Australian strikes to the concept of belonging to and landal individualism. Repetition of I Am Australian reinforces this, imaginativeness of the environment and creates a link between the earth and the self, and thereof the person is intimately connected to the country. The Poem is about celebrating diversity in Australia, between the people and the land. The second poem My Country by Dorothea Mackellar portrays the peach of the Australian outback landscape and she declares her love of the country. It was written in dress to inform people about the beauty and the wilderness of this country. B oth of these poems relate to the theme of belonging to the country Australia. The techniques I will be development for analysis are rhyme, language, imagery and form. In the I am Australian tenor which goes we are one, but we are many it can be seen as an aspect of cultural inclusion. It tells us the story of a nation of immigrants .The first stanza is like an extended metaphor for pillow slip, I came from the dreamtimeFrom the dusty red-soil plainsI am the ancient HeartAll of these create a opthalmic representation in the readers mind about the country. Repetition of I am Australian reinforces this, imagery of the environment and creates a link between the nation and the person thus one feels connected to the country. I believe the song is about celebrating diversity in Australia, between the people and the land. It describes the people as being an aborigine, a diggers daughter, a battler, a bushy and so on. It describes the land as being as diverse as the people, but one co mmon thing they all obtain in common is they are Australian. The verses of the song speak with pride of the values, traditions and accomplishments of the Australia, including our proud endemical history. In the second poem My Country, Dorothea Mackellar portrays the beauty of her country Australia. Dorothea Mackellar uses imagery technique like alliteration, for example, for flood and fire and famine to characterise outlandish Australian Life andrepetition of words or phrases like internality of my heart, my country to show a sense of belonging. The poem is full of metaphors, for example an opal-hearted country.Some metaphors include personification. For instance, she uses her for nature and regards nature as a mother or woman. Moreover, this illustrates her love of Australia. Australia is not just a report of land to this poet she has a relationship with this land, and that is why she refers to it as if it were a person. In her poem Dorothea personifies Australia. She portrays Australia as beautiful because of this wildness. This is conveyed in the phrase my love is otherwise that concludes the stanza on England, and the phrase I love a sunburnt country that introduces the following stanza on Australia. This illustrates her love of Australia. Australia is not just a make-up of land to this poet she has a relationship with this land, and that is why she refers to it as if it were a person.Dorotheas poem uses language in a way that differs from our ordinary expression whereas Woodley and Newton use free verse and there is chorus. In I am Australian, there is more focus on outback whereas my country is more about Mother Nature. Dorothy uses more personification than Woodley and Newton. Moreover, Woodley and Newton have made reference to real life Australian life identity such(prenominal) as Ned Kelly, Matilda, Clancy and Albert Namajera which alludes to Australian identity operator Whereas Dorothea mostly uses personification.In conclusion, I have found t hat both of these poems refer to typical Australian lifestyles such as, being free, living around native Australian icons and having an Australian Identity and have a sense of belonging to Australia. This key point is to be proud of being an Australian which will help to have a positive Australian identity. Both writers show their pride of belonging to Australian.

Gender & Sexuality Essay

Here I am going to talk somewhat gender and gender choices which be shaped by participation. I am going to talk nigh the painful, bitter conflict about versedity which is vexing us especi eachy in the United States, and which we are appalling on the rest of the instauration. We ordain explore several different versed choices, some realize been around since the beginning of period, date others seem to be newly to us all. The angry, hurtful debate in this country about whether we sport the right to our get choices and should our legal and social structures be gay, bi, tri-affirming , or should we reject these aspect as part of our community. In order to be happy, in order to develop the capacities God has given us and in order to make the world the manifestation of justice that God wants it to be, we submit to change the shape of society and change our beneathstanding of our possess selves. head start you need to k straight off the difference between gender and sti rual urge to begin with we proceed. For m any(prenominal) this seems to be a touchy subject. grammatical gender is a begin of characteristics of feminity and masculinity. Gender refers to the state of being male or female. Gender is now comm yet used sluice to refer to the physical anatomy. Gender begins to be formed from the time a child is born. beginning with the obligatory go and blue blanket, gender is implicated in allthing we do. From the cloths we wear to the food we decimate to the types of work we do, elicit role differentiation, and pressure to confirm to the box of gender. Gender socialization starts at childhood and comely much than goes on until death. As a result of the pervasive attention that we give to gender, gender is pretty much implicated in everything we do. Beyond the ele manpowertal fact that gender is something we focus a lot of attention on, there are a lot of strong opinions, theories, and emotions surrounding it.medical-dictionary.thefreedict ionary.com/Gender+(sociology)Gender is and important way outbecause, all over and above all the arguwork forcet and rhetoric and research and opinion, is the basic fact that all over the world, in pretty much every culture that exists, women are treated differently than men. I could be muchmore elaborate on this gender topic although I would pass along all day on this topic alone, so we move on to waken and cozyity. Sex is defined by the genitalia an individual possess. We will expand sex to informality, which refers to your sexual orientation. Sexuality would deal with your choice of sexual natural process and your sexual feelings. So sexuality would refer to who you are attracted to. fall it be man and women or two men or a mix of the previously mentioned. From the beginning of time the bible only give tongue to the man and woman as being the right choice of sexuality. solely as time goes on we are further understanding and analyse different sexual choices. I want to go i nto detail on a few of these new choices of sexuality.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SexualityIn todays society there exists a huge variety of have it aways with sexualitys. close to topics when discussed tend to raise the blood pressure of many citizens. There are a handful of topics dealing with sexual choices that always seem to heightened opinions An bring out that has in recent years, begun to command the intensity of the crowd, is the acceptability of homoeroticism in mainstream society. People with a homosexual orientation can express their sexuality in a variety of ways, and may or may not express it in their behaviors. Many have sexual relationships predominately with great deal of their own gender identity, though some have sexual relationships with those of the opposite gender, emasculate relationships, or none at all. Until recently, homosexuality was considered strictly taboo. If an individual was homosexual, this manifestation was considered a grave secret to be kep t from all family, friends, and society at large. However, it seems that society has begun to accept this lifestyle by allowing same sex couples some of the rights given to heterosexual couples. The idea of coming out of the water closet has moved to the forefront of homosexual individuals when it use to be the extraction.http//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homosexualanother(prenominal) type of sexuality is bisexuality. Bisexuality is romantic and, or sexual regard toward males and females. The term is especially used to explain sexual attraction, sexual feelings toward men and women.with some sources try to say if they are bisexual the individual is attracted to all genders although it is unclear if there is more attraction to one more thanthe other, or if you should be equally attracted to each sex to be considered bi-sexual. This matter is as well as controversial although I dont stupefy it to be under so much scrutiny as homosexuality.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BisexualityToday we alike have come to put a small group of people who do not have sexual interest into a folk called Asexual. Some say that the asexual category is used for those who are determination themselves for a brief period of time. Researchers so far are otiose to agree on a clear translation of this sexuality choice, asexual. So far all they can agree on is asexual is a term to describe a lack or absence of sexual attraction or desire. Asexuality has great levels of variation from person to person. every(prenominal) individual case that has been studied has been different. Most say they have sexual attraction however have no urge to act on it. This is because they have to true desire or need to engage in sexual or non-sexual activity. This means that they hold hands and cuddle precisely have no intentions of going any further.Also, some individuals will only have sex as a release but find little or no enjoyment of sex. Some asexual men are completely unable to get an erection and sex ual activity is completely impossible for them. Asexuals also differ in their feelings towards performing sex acts. Some are indifferent and may even have sex for the benefit of a romantic partner, while others are more potently against the idea even though they do not necessarily disapproval other people for having sex as long as it does not involve them. Some researchers believe asexuality should be considered a disorder, while others find it normal. Only 2 to 3 percent of the entire world notably are asexual. There have been many studies although after denotation many of them I dont believe it gives accurate discipline on the classification of asexual. Asexuality is still a relatively new term and is yet to have a clear and distinct definition and or label.http//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/asexualIn todays society we have too many sexual choices to mention here. Although to give you an idea we have come to use a scale instead of a adept box to identify your sexual choices. In the late 1940s and premature 1950s a sex researcher by the name of affect Alfred Kinsey and his colleagues published two books called Sexual Behavior in the Human young-begetting(prenominal) and Sexual Behavior inthe Human Female based on the study of human sexuality. These works are also known as the Kinsey Reports. One of Doctor Kinseys most well known theories is the heterosexual person/ Homosexual Rating Scale, which rates a persons homosexuality or heterosexuality on a 7-point continuum. Kinsey verbalise you had to keep in mind, however, that it is normal for a heterosexual person to have thoughts, dreams or even fantasies about members of the same sex as it is for homosexuals to have thoughts about heterosexuals.Thus, your urinate may not be a perfect 6 or 0. This scale say How are gay are you?. Zero being Exclusively heterosexual, one is predominantly heterosexual, only unexpectedly homosexual. Two predominantly heterosexual, but more than incidentally homosexual. Three equally heterosexual and homosexual, quadruplet predominantly homosexual, but more than incidentally heterosexual. Five redominantly homosexual, only incidentally heterosexual and six exclusively homosexual. This scale is more accurate to legal profession a individuals sexuality in todays society. Society has changed over the years and we have to adapt to the changes.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinsey_scaleThese sexual choices go much deeper into affect what we want out of life and how we go about getting what we want. Having children or adopting is a major controversial aspect for gay, bi, transexual, and asexual individuals. Marriage for anyone but the man and woman can be a challenge to accomplish. Governments and laws in many states forbid or do not see any marriage but the man and woman. Religion which from the beginning of time has said that the only right relationship is the man and woman, although we are suppose to except others. Its hard to understand what we are suppose to ex cept or denie as a society. Although I do believe everyone should have their own choice to have control of their own lives and happiness. We as a society should not dictate what relationship is right or wrong. But I do see this topic as a pressing issue for all of us, especially with all the radical changes over the years. Only time will tell what the future will hold, although as more and more people come out it looks like the future society will be much more open then in the olden years.

Week Final

My upbringing was of a military family with my Father being from profound Indiana and my mother coming from Japan, this difference has interestingly shaped my views a little bit several(predicate)ly from hers, but on the same human face of social functions as we have become older shaped a actu eachy similar point of view on ourselves, family, and society. Taking the Myers Briggs campaign I scored a type SITS and was named a Trustee, meaning that I was more(prenominal) Introverted, sensing, thinking, and sagaciousness than my mate although similar with a type JIFFS and names conservator bind betwixt introverted and extroverted, ensign, obtaining, and judging being her loftyer marked percentages.What I found out is that for me it was pretty accurate I feel as I am more introverted when it comes to accomplishments and things that I can do to make things matter around. Am a thinker and think most before doing something whether It has to do with myself of others, and overtim e have become Judging in my perception of Issues or Ideas.My Interviewee tested similar with the exception of being more feeling, I for one can see this as she is al substances forecast out for the less fortunate, and protagonisting when she can no tater what, bedcover her schedule thinner as the days of the week unfold. My interviewer reputes information disclose if given the opportunity to observe rather than reading about a behavior. The reason was given that to observe Is best(p) than reading as commentary can be misconstrued or left out when trying to remember Just what It was you had Just read about.I for one am split between the two as I do learn better by observing an example or technique than reading, but feel potently that I can also read about behaviors or techniques and because apply what I had just read bout, I also feel that with the more media on sicknesses and disorders in schools and with more kids being diagnosed with ADD it comes to a point that what you take in daily Is the information on what signs to look for and where to seek help, another Instance is that It seems like you can Just communion to any given p arnt who has kids and school and you will find someone who has experienced this firsthand or knows someone who has dealt with it. Interviewee chooses to study at radix with distractions and noise as opposed to going to a soft posture like a public library.She feels as though noise and distractions are of no concern over the ability to be comfortable in her own setting at root word, and she doesnt really want to be in a place unfamiliar because that alone will give her more distractions than any that could could settle into a calm quiet environment better to be able to concentrate better with little or no distraction apparent. I know that if I chose to study at home and was not able to retreat to my downstairs office for peace and quiet I would not be able to concentrate capacious abounding to do any good. One way I s tudy at home is to do it either early in the morning or later in the eveing so that I am not tempted to see what else the family is doing of find myself choosing to partake in other activities other than studying. The results of the Myers Briggs test for the interviewee was one of being a conservator she was more opt to diplomatic minister to others needs and desired to be of service to others first besides herself.I on the other hand was one of Trustee, decisive in practical affairs, and a guardian of time honored institutions. My interviewee felt as if the test was around accurate and that it lacked accuracy on how she believed she should of scored, she had a hard time believe that only a little over 13% of the population was and then similar to her. She felt that with saviorianity being as high as it was in the U. S. That more people should have been scored as to have the desire to help others in need and to mentor to them. I thinking that the test was more or less accurat e for me as I am very traditional in my thinking and decisive, but felt similar as I thought that more than 11% should be like me.My interviewee thought that childhood memories of church building building service and observations on how her parents treated others shaped her personality as a new women, and then as she matured it grew into a better relationship with her memories of church that helped her to continue to want to go and become better at doing the things that delivery boy has died for us to become. She felt strongly that it was her desire or the Holy life moving in her lead her to this understanding and defines who she is today. I felt different as I was never brought up in church and didnt sluice attend church until I aired my wife and was then arrears old. I feel that my parents strong will to be respectable after all my father was in the Ana and I held a pretty straight imbibe or suffered the consequences for my actions, that and the Japanese culture from my moth ers side which has a very high respect for a family honor that molded my transformation as a green man to adulthood.I do feel that after living the way I did, which was a typical one as a young man it was later in life when my wife asked me to attend church that I felt something was missing and that desire led to my walk with Christ that shaped my personality today. Interviewee feels as if she is very self monitoring as I pertains to her attitude each and every day, an attitude that starts with what she takes in, what she reads, watches, meditates to, music she listens to, and even the food she eats. She made the comments garbage in garbage out. I felt as if this has also led my day as well. I choose to be conscious of what I say and what I do. This sensation affords me the ability to handle the everyday stresses with work, school, kids, etc. Tit confidence that I can get through the day Just as long as I have the attitude to behave collaterally and responsibly.The strongest thin gs that tempt the interviewees attitudes are scripture. She gives GOD her first and last each and every day. This ordained uplifting meditation that includes, prayer, bible readings, and awareness allows herself to be charged for positive things and allows her the ability to handle stressful times with integrity and honor to GOD. The thing that I felt strongly about that has the most influence on my attitude is my mind. If I allow things torn down with negative influences. I too feel that a conscious relationship with Christ has offered me and fit my spirit to handle stressful situations with integrity and honor as well.

Global Marketing

Introduction and Company BackgroundTesco PLC is the too largest British retailer in cost of some(prenominal) planetary sales and ho map servant commercialize shargon with profits that exceed ? 3 billion. Currently, the all last(predicate)iance is the troika largest after Wal-Mart and Carrefour in terms of revenue but save second to Wal-Mart in terms of profits. The party has diversified its merchandise print into clothing, food, financial services, drink, home, car insurance, telecoms and puff upness. Jack Cohen founded Tesco PLC in 1919 in East capital of the coup direct Kingdom and the golf-club has grown over the years and now has a 30.9% foodstuff sh be in the joined Kingdom which authorizes it the largest retailer in the UK (Applegate & Johnsen, 2007, p. 128). The onus fear of the smart set is large format food stores and other(a) toilet facility items. It canvas to its under four banners namely, Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. This report ana lyses the critical merchandise issues that is veneering Tesco PLC. It ordain explore the globular merchandise strategies macro instructioncosm pursued by the gild and attempt to draw comparisons amid its approach and appropriate abstractive concepts and models. The study leave alone wish wholesomewise evaluate whether the model macrocosm apply by the play a hanker is lock away relevant in the current marting practice or non. The study volition rely on the succeeding(prenominal) methodology in the out air travel.External surroundal outlineTesco Plc ope place in an effort that is dominated by two other companies in the field(a) business surround. Its main competitors ar Wal-Mart and Carrefour who control a spacious old bag of loyal customers. The outdoor(a) environment will be analysed using the STEEPLED model in dedicate to assess the ethics and demographic computes in the analysis.Political FactorsTesco Plc now ope evaluate in atomic number 63, Asia and northerly America and as oft(prenominal)(prenominal) its performance is a function of legislative and semipolitical conditions of every(prenominal) the countries it ope range in including the European Union. The guild is makeed by employment legislations as virtually governments encour season retailers to provide mixed hire out opportunities from low paying un practiced to the well paying high skilled jobs (McLoughlin & Aaker 2010, p. 53). The trading operations of the friendship be therefore highly rude(a) to the political environment. For object less(prenominal)on in Malaysia the government passed legislations that limit the number of stores the ships play along shadower operate in the countrified. Tesco Plc employs the local people especially at the set about and ticker management aims, pays taxes and complies with the local laws to ensure that its operations be not hindered by such(prenominal) factors.Economic FactorsThe economic factors make believe the costs, subscribe, prices and profits of Tesco Plc. High unemployment levels and problematical economic times contracts the ability of ho useholds to purchase products and as such affects the demand required for the ships company to produce such goods (Pradhan 2009, p. 88). The company cannot control such external factors but they apply profound impacts on its performance and the merchandise mix. It is still highly depended on its core business in the United Kingdom and as such any economic slow trim backs in the country can grossly affect it because it is exposed to the risks of food market concentration. It is for this reason that the company is wayed on gro shape upg its presence in the supranational market in fix up to raise its revenue base.Socio-Cultural FactorsThe British customers have progressively developed to a greater extent preference for iodin stop bulk shop because of a variety of genial changes. Tesco Plc has therefore emergenced the amount of non-f ood items in its stores so as to be fitted to take advantage of the opportunity. The company also offers a wide of the mark appreciation of products that cater for the different several(a) needfull of people of the customers. Attitudes, beliefs and kindly conditioning often occurrence(a)ise the go through of goods and services demanded by the consumers (Richter 2012, p. 61). Additionally, the consumers argon increasingly sightly aw atomic number 18 of their health issues which change their attitudes towards food. Tesco Plc has had to adopt its selling mix in order to carry the increased demand for organic products. It was also the first to allow customers to make payments using cheques and cash at the checkout.DemographicsThe demographic changes in the UK population alike aging population and more(prenominal)(prenominal) female workers mean that there is a decline in home meal preparation in the country. The company has increased food supply in its stores in order to replete the needs of such customers. The said(prenominal) approach is replicated in its international stores as it provides the local foods like whale meat in Japan and other foods in Malaysia and South Korea (Cunningham & Harney 2012, p. 90).Technological Factors umpteen products of the company have of the company have been influenced by technology. Technology is therefore a major macro environmental factor that benefits both the company and the customers (Baines et al 2013, p. 77). The customers argon satisfied through and through more personalised and convenient shopping succession the company benefits through the do workation of an efficient supply arrange.Environmental FactorsCompanies atomic number 18 currently facing increased compact to acknowledge their responsibility to the society. The companies are required to operate in a way that benefits the society (Bradley 2005, p. 33). Tesco has been acc apply of selling genetically modified foods to children. The snap of the corporate social responsibility of the company is to admit with regulations and its corporate regime policy.Legal FactorsTesco Plc is required to comply with the different policies and legislations of the countries in which it has operations. For poser in Malaysia it go about restrictions that limit its working out in the country. The company has razeed the prices of most goods to comply with the price policies of different countries in which it has business operations. Internal Environmental AnalysisAlthough Tesco PLC has operations in different countries crosswise the world, its core operations are in the United Kingdom which accounts for over 60% of its sales. This study will use different theoretical models in analysing the external environment of the company. The company perpetually upgrades its ordering system, in- store processes and vendor list to change the capability of its operations. It uses selective information technology to maintain its low priced l eadership approach to supply chain management. The EPRG framework will be used to analyse Tesco PLC foreign marketing involvement. The company has to re-orient itself and align its operations to fit into the different levels of operational activities that a particular market segment requires. The EPRG framework assesses four types of orientation of a firm towards foreign marketing. It is very useful in assisting companies asses and determine their operational strategies as it relates closely to the marketing mix. The strategies chosen by the company for each vari adapted determines its overall operational strategy. The table below shows the EPRG analysis and marketing mix of Tesco PLC.ProductThe products of Tesco PLC are a mix of ethnocentric and regiocentric. The products that the company sells do not fit into all its market segments. Instead it sells products that are suitable for the respective contributions in order to maximise sales (Thoenig & Waldman 2007, p. 111). The inte rnational expansion of the company takes into account the different tastes of the respective market segments. For instance it devoted a very big attention to the needs of the customers while venturing into the central European market as is reflected in the product line (Glowik & Smyczek 2011, p. 117). In the Czech Republic the company concentrated on providing the Czech products through retail shops. The homogeneous goes to chinaware where the local consumers prefer purchase live fish and turtles and other instant noodles unlike in the European market. Tesco PLC had to provide these products to the Chinese market in order to appeal the Chinese customers. The other example is in Tailand where the company had to adapt to the shopping habits of the Thai customers by introducing the fresh market hall to serve the interests of these customers who spent a huge proportion of their income on fresh foods. These new adjustments were introduced by the company to help it penetrate the new markets because some of these provisions are not available in its operations in the United Kingdom. The website of the company is also translated into the languages of the specific market segments to ensure that the prospective and existent customers get the latest information on the products on sale and offers if any. The other aspects of the company like online marketing and sales are consistently available in all the market segments.PromotionTesco PLC uses a mixture of both ethnocentric and polycentric promotional strategy. Although most of its promotional activities are those used in the United Kingdom, it also utilises the needs and characteristics of the particular market in formulating its promotional strategies (Humby et al 2008, p.68). For example Tesco PLC implemented a reinforced plan for addressing parts of its offer to the customers in Thailand. The measures include remerchandising of its clubpack range of bulk products. It particularly targeted the small traders who shop regularly with the company. other example is Poland where the company is launching a turnaround plan to improve its presentation of fresh food and is even introducing new concepts like bistro dine in order to differentiate itself from competitor (Gunn 2009, p. 139). These plans are in some slipway similar to the build better Tesco strategy being used in the United Kingdom but are a bittie adjusted to outdo serve the interests of the local market.PriceTesco PLC pursues a predominantly polycentric pricing approach in its international markets. The company attempts to organise its marketing activities found on the specific countries of operation (Humby et al 2008, p. 198). It treats each country differently and formulates strategies that suit the specific local needs of the consumers. As such the prices of its products qualify across different market segments depending on demand, income levels and demographics. For instance having had a knockout time in Ireland, the com pany launched pricing initiatives aimed at combating discounters and counter the reduce prices offered by its competitors. The company subjugated the prices in the stores particularly those close to the Irish border and has plans of extending the same to the rest of its stores in the country in the long run. The same low pricing strategy was also used by the company in Malaysia in order to attract more customers. In the other markets like England and Poland the prices are a little high because they are sustainable for those market segments. In essence, Tesco PLC tries to ensure that the products and their prices fit into the demands of that particular market segment in question.PeopleThe management orientation of Tesco PLC has segments of both geocentric and polycentric influence. The global expansion of the company has been accompanied by teams that focus on both global and local markets. Its international expansion strategy has mainly been through joint ventures with the local partner firms in order to be sensitive to the needs of the local markets (Maynard 2013, p. 33). The company retains the employees of the partnering firms and continues with the approach of employing the local people because they are well drived to serve the needs of the local consumers. These local staff office are maintained by the company especially in the middle and low management positions because they are better placed to serve the needs of the local market than the foreign expatriates.Place and ProcessThe process of Tesco PLC is a mix of polycentric and geocentric. The company has adopted a global approach in some of its operations as it has designed its value chain in a path that ensures that it minimises its operational costs. For instance when it came apparent that it was critical to reduce the prices of products in its stores in Ireland, Tesco PLC decided to drop its suppliers in the country in preference for lucky ones elsewhere. The management of the company has es tablished its distribution channels to facilitate the forepart of its products across the different officeal and national markets (Zentes et al 2011, p.173). The process of the company also has some elements of polycentric approach because it uses some strategies based on particular countries. For instance in Asia it treats all the countries differently based their product demands are different making it impossible for the company to use the geocentric approach.As such it acquires the products from the local suppliers and uses local marketing channels for serving the needs of that particular market segment. The polycentric approach has helped the company penetrate into difficult markets like Malaysia, China and South Korea as these countries have material political, economic and cultural differences with the United Kingdom (Zentes et al 2011, p. 45). The products of the company are sold in its stores which it rents in the major malls and shopping centres whenever it finds space or builds its own stores in fibers where that is the best option for the market segment. The place can be said to be polycentric because the products are mostly in the big cities where there are some consumers with the ability to buy its products. The polycentric approach enables the company to strategically position itself in the markets in order to reach as many customers as possible.Proactive marketplace ResearchThe uses a polycentric approach in research and new product result because the needs of its customers in the different market segments are very divers(a). In addition to this, some market segments like the American market have big industrial players like Wal-Mart who have a large base of loyal customers making it difficult to venture into such markets with an ethnocentric approach.Proliferation of the BrandThe products of the company are standardised around the world to ensure that they are unadorned and meet the required company standards.TOWS ANALYSIS of Tesco P lcThe TOWS analysis will be used to analyse both the internal and external factors in order to provide a holistic view of the position and direction of the company. The figure below shows a combination of the TOWS analysis that combines the DEEPLETERS analysis with the competitive advantages and EPRG model. intrinsic STRENGTHSO Strong global defect and high brand pictorial matterO Strong core UK marketO Strong and changeless suppuration in AsiaO Financially soundO cast of products to appeal to different consumersINTERNAL WEAKNESESOEthnocentric reliance on the UK marketOStagnant or disallow sales in some developed countriesOHigh price elasticity referable to competition and low costs of customers switching to other brands and loyaltyOResistance to large firms in some countries outside OPPORTUNITIES SOOContinue entering appropriate markets across the globeOContinue building on cost efficient pricing to attract more customersOGo into new markets and buy local retailers to gain market shareWOOExplore ways of reducing their operational costs in order to reduce prices for the consumersOIncrease the efficiency of its business process and supply chainOCapitalise on the opportunities present in the developing world by rise more stores there EXTERNAL THREATS OIncreased competition from other well established brandsOPolitical and legal opposition against expansion in some economiesOContracting consumer expenditures in Europe that reduce the demand for the non-basic goodsOEconomic reforms whitethorn threaten multinationals like the finances and operations of Tesco Plc ST ORemain ahead of its competitors in terms of research and innovation in order to give the customers what they wantOContribute to the society in which it operates to limit the political and legal barriers that inhibit its growthWT OIncrease the awareness of the brand through advertisementOWithdraw from the markets that are not performing well and use the funds to support other operations of the company The above analysis reveals that the company is on the right path as it has enacted mechanisms that will help it capitalise on its strengths and address its weaknesses. For instance the company has closed some of its international businesses that are not performing well like in the United States to reduce on loses. The company has also increased its operations in China and is focused in strengthening its presence in the emerging economies in Asia. Additionally, it is employing more local people and complying with the local regulations to reduce opposition against its operations in some economies.Opportunity IdentificationAnalysis of opportunity identification will be done using the BCG Matrix. The Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG) is classical in analysing how companies allocate resources (Maynard 2013, p.81). The matrix splits the products of the company into four categories that determine how much money the company should invest in them. The categories are as fo llows funds cows should be used by the company for profits as much as possible Stars should receive enthronisations so that they become the undermentioned cash cows Dogs have low share of market growth and should be sold as they depress the performance of the company hesitation marks have low share of high growth market and have the potential of becoming necromancers or dogs.The high street shops of the company are the cash cows. Tesco Plc has approximately 30% of market share in this division although the growth of the division has been very slow. The online operations of the company are the champs. The company is the largest online grocer in the United Kingdom. Tesco Plc should make more investments in this orbit to improve its online offering because e-commerce is ripening speedyly. The question marks of the company include video on demand service and blinkbox which face high competition from the big industrial players. The company should decide on the appropriate level of investments needed for turning this division into sentience. The Fresh and Easy operation in the United States was a dog and that is why the company decided to draw out of the country.Positioning/ targetingThe targeting strategy of Tesco Plc includes people of all ages and it offers a wide range of products to meet the demands of the customers. The company focuses on the specifications of products that are close to those of the rival companies in order to try and win customers from such companies. For instance it offers fresh and ingenuous goods because people spend more money buying fresh products. In addition to product specifications, the company also prices its products fairly to attract more customers because households are very sensitive to price.ConclusionThe findings of this study reveal that the strategies being pursued by Tesco Plc in its international expansion are in line with strategic models. The company identifies the opportunities present in the business environm ent and then devises the strategies for exploiting them. It has also adopted entry strategies like joint ventures and acquisitions for expanding into the international market. Such approach has helped the company expand its distribution network and win over the local markets by giving the customers a local approach. The company has also closed down the international businesses that are not doing well in the United States and Japan to reduce on loses and help it focus on other profitable markets. The company mustiness continue to exploit the potential emerging markets and also looks for mechanisms of outdoing its major competitors.ReferencesApplegate, E., & Johnsen, A. (2007). Cases in advertising and marketing management Real situations for tomorrows managers. Lanham Rowman & LittlefieldBaines, P., Fill, C., & Page, K. (2013). Essentials of marketing. Oxford Oxford University Press.Bradley, F. (2005). International marketing strategy. clean York FT/Prentice Hall.Cunningham, J., & Harney, B. (2012). Strategy & strategists. Oxford Oxford University Press.Glowik, M., & Smyczek, S. (2011). International marketing management Strategies, concepts and cases in Europe. Mu?nchen Oldenbourg.Gunn, M. (2009). Trading regime analysis The probability of volatility. Chichester, England Wiley.Humby, C., Hunt, T., & Phillips, T. (2008). Scoring Points How Tesco Continues to Win node Loyalty. London Kogan Page.Maynard, J. (2013). Financial accounting, reporting, and analysis. Oxford Oxford university pressMcLoughlin, D., & Aaker, D. A. (2010). Strategic market management international perspectives. Hoboken, N.J Wiley.Pradhan, S. (2009). Retailing management school text and cases. New Delhi, India Tata Mcgraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.Richter, T. (2012). International marketing mix management Theoretical framework, contingency factors and empirical findings from world-markets. Berlin Logos.Thoenig, J.-C., & Waldman, C. (2007). The marking go-ahead Business success and societ al embedding. Basingstoke England Palgrave Macmillan.Zentes, J., Morschett, D., & Schramm-Klein, H. (2011). Strategic retail management Text and international cases. Wiesbaden Gabler. Appendix Ethnocentric Polycentric Regiocentric Geocentric EthnocentricProliferation of the Brand Promotionproduct Polycentric Price / place/ Proactive Market Research Regiocentric Geocentric People / process globose MarketingFairmont Hotels and Resorts (Fairmont) is operating and competing in the hospitality industry, which has been affected vastly by the impact of global financial crisis, terrorist attacks, globalisation of the hospitality and tourism industry, the misgiving surrounding the sovereign dept of some countries in EU, development of emerging markets, the rapid dissemination of global lifestyles and other economic and political uncertainties in the one-time(prenominal) few years.Fairmont is also affected by technological innovation as well as other broad macro environmental trends. This screen will examine the most recent trends of global macro environmental factors that are believably to have the most significant impact on the hospitality industry and more precisely on Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. First a brief overview of the Fairmont and its position in a current international hospitality market will be given. After this the nature and impact of global macro environmental variables will be explored.Company history Fairmont Hotels and Resorts (Fairmont) is the largest of the brands in the Fairmont Raffles Hotels International group and by combing three intelligible brands the Raffles, Swissotel and Fairmont portfolios and has become a truly global hotel company with 91 hotels worldwide. more than than 65 hotels of Fairmont in Canada, United States, Europe, Asia, Middle East and Africa, and Mexio, Carribean and Bermuda, sit between the upper scale and luxury travel market.They also have one of the largest collections of storied properties in the world with wel l known addresses in the portfolio including The savoy in London, the Fairmont Banff Springs, and New Yorks The Plaza. The average age of the guest is 47, down about 8 years in the last decade. Fairmont hotels target diverse market segments, for example Fairmonts clientele has been split approximately equally between group (above 45%) and transient business (around 55%), and almost evenly between blank and usiness travellers.However, their core customer is the luxury mid-aged traveller. Fairmont hotels are one-of-a-kind properties where sophisticated travellers can discover culturally rich experiences that are veritable to the destination. Situated in some of the most exclusive and pristine areas in the world, Fairmont is committed to responsible tourism and is an industry leader in sustainable hotel management with its award-winning Green Partnership program. What are global macro environmental variables?As Doole and Lowe (2008) state The environments in which international co mpanies must operate is typically characterised by uncertainty and change factors which, taken together, increase the element of risk for international marketing managers. As many authors argue the global macro environmental factors are something beyond the companies influence, and must be hard-boiled as non-controllable variables.The five major global macro environmental factors, as denoted by Lancaster et al. (2002), Kotler et al. 2005) and Reid and Bojanic (2010) among the other authors, marketing managers often examine and which affect all organisation are demographic, economic, political/legal, socio-cultural and technological factors. However, Lancaster et al. (2002) suggest if businesses are able to identify and react to these factors quickly enough they would be able to be part of changes occurring and take market jumper lead position instead of being forced into market followers position or worst case being unable to prosper and stomach as an international business in t he global competition.Yet the macro environmental variables as suggested by mainstream theorists (Lancaster et al. 2002, Kotler et al. 2005, Doole and Lowe 2008, Kotabe and Helsen 2008, Palmer 2008, Reid and Bojanic 2010) needs to be managed through marketing planning process threats must be minimised and opportunities maximised. For Fairmont, as an international hotel the issue to keep in heading is that hospitality industry is in a fast moving environment as well as their product they sell is perishable when contemplateing changes in marketing strategy or tactics.Thus they face more intricate and changing environments where they operate and compete than other industries. In order to survive and prosper, the essential is to take account of, and adapt to, fast changing environmental conditions. To see and take advantage of marketing opportunities while at the same time anticipating any threats to their business. By indentifying environmental trends soon enough, management should be able, at least in part, to anticipate where such trends are leading and what future conditions are likely to result from such changes. (Lancaster et al. 2002, Palmer 2008).Explain how changes in the socio-cultural environment affect marketing decisions The UK population will rebalance by 2015 families will be the most prevalent group, and the retired will have increased in number fastest. One-person households are set to increase fastest into 2015, following(a) the trend witnessed into 2010. emerge markets where social exposure and status are valuable along with the rising income and relatively wealthy middle class. Mainly affect young people who have an above average need for social acceptance, and international travellers, who are exposed to multicultural values.Fairmont target market age group younger than used to be . Embracing social media is a key way to reach customers. We could never have predicted the explosion of social media, Laboy said. And yes, you can have meani ngful customer engagement via Twitter. Hoteliers need to consider mobile tagging as a way to offer promotions to customers, he said. honourable challenges and the Green movement On one hand provides opportunities to connect to customers and employees. On the other hand Western consumers choosing brands look for reassurance that the product has been produced in what they see as a socially responsible manner.On the basis of ensuring products and ingredients came from received source of supply which did not leave to the destruction of the environment and that they are free from child slavery and that the people that make them are able to earn a proper living wage. Consumers globally are becoming better informed through better education and faster and more effective communication. Now firms are increasingly expected to ensure that their demeanour is honorable and in the interests of the global community which makes up their market.However, international marketing executives operatin g across cultures will find themselves facing moral and ethical dilemmas on a daily basis on a wide range of issues. Some of those currently receiving particular attention are bribery and corruption, counterfeiting and piracy. Explain how changes in the economic environments affect marketing decisions The international hotel industry has shown signs of retrieval in the first half of 2010 according to the bi-annual hotel keep an eye on conducted by Hogg Robinson Group (HRG).HRGs interim survey is based on a combination of industry intelligence, actual room nights booked and rates paid by its UK clients during January to June 2010 compared to the same period in 2009. Globally, the hotel industry has shown signs of recovery in the first half of 2010 when compared to the same period in 2009. Although the survey reveals a fragmented global picture, the hotel market in Europe and the US appears to be stabilising, as rates are either flat or only marginally down. The emerging market econ omies of India and China have shown strong upturns in growth over the last six months.Year-on-year economic growth in Q2 2010 was 7. 9% and 10. 3% in India and China respectively and the resurgence in economic activity has helped to prop up room rates. step-up in both economies will begin to ease over the next year as central banks begin to raise interest rates to address inflationary pressures. In contrast though, the Middle East region recorded the highest rate decrease, with forficate digit falls in the UAE, Bahrain, Qatar and Oman. Many western economies are coming to terms with the cipher cuts necessary to reduce sovereign debt levels which will inevitably soften room rate growth. kinetic emerging economies have less need to take fiscal ascesis measures in the current climate and we expect growth to be higher as a result. However, the survey shows that emerging economies have not, as of yet, fully recovered from the effects of the global economic downturn. In the UK, growt h prospects are buoyed by a weak sterling which continues to support tourism and leisure travel. In addition, the ongoing recovery of the banking and finance sector will fetch to corporate demand for rooms.There are, however, significant downside risks to growth in the market emerging from future cuts in public spending Belfast and capital of Red China both suffer from an oversupply of hotels, the latter having experienced massive investment in recent years from major players keen to build a presence in this emerging market. Bangalore, a city reliant on business travel associated with the IT industry and call centres, is a classic example of a market popping as it has seen rates fall as a result of a drop in demand payable to the global recession coupled with significant new hotel openings which have led to a current oversupply of rooms.Services apartments have grown in popularity and some of the IT industry has relocated to other areas in India. The 5 star market achieved a margi nal increase of 1%. Whilst there has doubtless been a trend for corporates to turn to the 4 and even 3 star sectors in the current climate, hoteliers in this sector have held out for rates at the expense of lower occupancy levels, conscious that any significant rate reduction has an adverse effect on service levels as costs are brought in line, resulting in damage to a hotels reputation for quality and standards.Reflecting the need for cost reduction, clients are downgrading between the star ratings as well as continually reviewing their programmes and renegotiating rates where possible. In the 3 and 4 star markets average rates have decreased as suppliers strive to maintain their share of the corporate market. We continue to believe that budget options are not always the cheapest option when the add-on costs are taken into account. Mintel The UK officially exited recession in the fourth draw off of 2009. gross domestic product rose 0. 4%, subsequently increasing 0. % in the first quarter of 2010 then 1. 1% in the second quarter. While fears of a double dip recession have eased somewhat, consumer confidence has remained weak as Britain has entered an age of austerity.Economic growth in Europe system weak relative to other regions Euro zone GDP grew year/on/year by 0. 6% in Q1 2010, compared to growth on 1. 2% in Japan and 2. 7% in the US over the same period (Hogg Robinson Group 2010). Global hotel sales are expected to increase 30-40% in 2011, according to hotel investment services company Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels. 009 was characterised by stock-still liquidity, stalled transactions and drops in hotel performance and values globally, this year signalled a striking improvement, with more opportunities for buyers. The number of hotel sales is forecast to continue to rise comfortably in 2011, reaching a value of $28 billion (? 18 billion) to $30 billion (? 19. 3 billion). ASPAC has seen strong growth this year. However, overbuilding in Abu Dhabi and Dubai are dragging down levels in the Middle East and Africa. Every region except ASPAC saw a rise in September, but a dip in October. ASPAC remained strong in October.ASPAC is one of Whites bright spots. She sees that market growing by 10-12% in 2011. Other areas showing strong growth this year are Sao Paulo, Mexico City and Rio de Janeiro. She sees occupancy will increase by 3-5 %, ADR by 4-5% and overall RevPAR by 6-9%. Looking at specific RevPARs, ASPAC will increase 10-14% Europe, 7-9% the Americas, 6-9% and the Middle East and Asia, 3-6%. VAT Emerging markets Fairmont regional growth is driven by Middle East markets such as the UAE, Egypt and increasingly Saudi Arabia, as well as growing numbers of Gulf travelers that stay at its properties in the United States, Europe and Asia.The Middle East, despite being impacted by the global downturn, still shows resilience over the past year with revenue dropping less than other regions, industry figures showed. Saudi Arabia has a large cri tical mass, huge influx of travelers, the built in demand drivers, and it helps us support our partnerships with our shareholders. It is the worlds top oil exporter, is developing its tourism sector to lower dependence on oil and hosts an estimated 10 million Muslim pilgrims every year. The 14 planned hotels will be all under the Fairmont brand.Fairmont is likely to also add hotels in Qatar, the worlds top exporter of liquefy natural gas, whose economy is booming and hosting World Cup in 12 years time(Walid 2010) Explain how changes in the political/legal environments affect marketing decisions Identify the major trends in the firms technological environments Broadband penetration continues to increase, even amongst the groups already most likely to have access. 200 mph train from London to Frankfurt arriving in 2013 + opening new markets bringing closer international trade In a world moving more and more towards globalization, hotel organizations ill need to make pass more quickl y, operate more productively, offer their employees greater opportunity and huckster their customers enhanced benefits.Those companies that address these issues today will be better ready for the global marketplace of tomorrow. Conclusion Fairmont competes in the strongly competitive hotel and live industry, focusing on the first class and luxury segments of the markets. Fairmont is impacted by change in the overall travel, tourism and hospitality industries as well as broader macro-environmental trends.Bibliographyhttp//www.amadeus.com/amadeus/goldrush2020.htmlhttp//www.arabianbusiness.com/ fairmont-sees-14-more-hotels-in-mideast-by-2014-184514.html